The Little Bighorn Battlefield — More Than Custer’s Last Stand
Billed as “a place of reflection”, the Little Bighorn Battlefield (www.nps.gov/libi/index.htm) makes a good stop on a Southern Montana road trip. Although the fate of Lt. Colonel Custer’s 7th Calvary gets the lion’s share of space in the history books, this national monument gives equal time to the Crow and Arikara scouts that helped Custer, as well as the Cheyenne, Arapaho and Lakota warriors who opposed him. Located off Interstate 90 in Broadus, not only is this stop a good place to learn about the history of the area, but it also boasts some impressive scenery and a fitting memorial to both the US troops and the Plains tribes involved in the historic battle.
A Little History
The tensions between the US Army and the Plains tribes technically began in 1868, with the Treaty of Fort Laramie. This document created a large reservation for the Lakota in the Black Hills of South Dakota. That said, some Lakota leaders, including Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse rejected the reservation model, refused to sign the treaty and continued to hunt outside the boundaries of the reservation.
Tensions escalated in 1874 when Custer was dispatched to the area to locate a site inside the reservation for a military post, and to make note of the natural resources in the region. Geologists discovered gold deposits and when word spread of this discovery, miners descended on the Black Hills. This was not taken kindly by the Plains Indians, as it encroached on their hunting land. The US subsequently tried to purchase the land, and when that attempt failed, they ordered the Indians out of the area. That ultimatum was subsequently ignored.
Custer was later dispatched to flank a Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho hunting village, and drive the Indians north into the hands of awaiting troops. Custer’s original plan was to attack at dawn on June 25; however when his presence was discovered he was forced to advance immediately. And since the element of surprise was lost, the Battle of the Little Bighorn was a victory for the Plains Indians. During the next year the remaining “hostiles” were hunted down by the US Army, and their land was taken without any compensation.
Custer National Cemetery
The visitor center at the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument details the events that led to the historic battle. It also includes an account of the battle, as well as examples of the weapons used by both sides. There’s plenty of accessible parking near the entrance to the visitor center, and barrier-free pathways inside. A short orientation film is shown throughout the day in the theater, which also has level access.
There’s level access to Custer National Cemetery, which is located next to the visitor center. That said, although the pathways through the cemetery are paved, some are level and some are undulating. There are plenty of benches to sit and rest along the way, and there’s also a loaner wheelchair available at the visitor center for folks who can’t do distances.
Last Stand Hill is visible from the back of the visitor center; however the path up to it is too steep for wheelchair-users. Alternatively, you can drive up there. Accessible parking is located near the 7th Calvary Memorial Monument, where the remains of Custer’s soldiers are interred in a mass grave. Custer’s remains are now interred at the US Military Academy at West Point, where Custer graduated in 1861.
Save some time for the 4.5-auto tour through the battlefield. There are several pullouts with interpretive panels along the way. There’s also a free cell phone tour available at https://www.nps.gov/libi/planyourvisit/cell-phone-audio-tour.htm. Not only will the drive give you an appreciation for the expanse of the battlefield, but the white markers that show where the fallen soldiers were found are rather sobering.
Indian Memorial
The Indian Memorial at the Little Bighorn Battlefield, was erected to honor Native American participants in the conflict. To get there, take the left trail in back of the visitor center for about 200 yards and cross the street. From there, a dirt trail winds around to the niche that contains the memorial. The undulating trail has level resting spots every 50 feet, but some manual wheelchair-users may require assistance to get to the monument.
The granite panels of the monument include the names of the Arikara, Apsaalooke, Arapaho, Cheyenne and Oayate warriors who participated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. The theme of the memorial is “Peace Through Unity”, and it acknowledges the need for cooperation between tribal governments and the federal government. There’s also a bronze sculpture of three spirit warriors riding off to battle next to the granite monument.
The placement of the monument is also significant. The Spirit Gate – a narrow opening in the monument – faces Last Stand Hill. This gate acts as a passage to the afterlife for Custer’s men that are buried on Last Stand Hill. It’s meant to represent the mutual respect between Native Americans and the US government, that has evolved over the years. It is also meant to further reinforce the “Peace Through Unity” theme of the memorial.
